In December 2011, the sixty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly decided to designate 2014 as the “International Year of Family Farming”. The resolution “encourages member States to undertake activities within their respective national development programmes in support of the International Year of Family Farming”.This publication responds to a request from AFD, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development (MAEDI) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Agrifood and Forestry (MAAF)[ 1 ]. It provides an overview of the debates about and around family farming , its place, its roles in the issues and challenges of agriculture at the beginning of this 21st century, and its inclusion in public polices. It aims, more modestly, and following on from the declaration of the International Year of Family Farming , to determine some of the knowledge acquired in order to gain a better understanding of this category of “family farming”, which is multifaceted and much less defined than its mobilisation in current debates might suggest. Indeed, one might assume that everything has already been said and written about this form of farming , as it has been widely analysed and discussed by professional and trade union organisations, research, public administration, development actors and political bodies and, as a result, find the renewed interest in it surprising. Yet it has to be recognised that the changes taking place in agriculture and agrifood systems worldwide – some of which figure prominently in the media, such as large-scale land grabbing or the restructuring of agrifood chains – raise the question of its viability. They call for a re-examining of family farms in all their diversity and ultimat