Future: Land consolidation for specialization
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Sharply decline of productivity, increasing frequency of drought, and highly market fluctuation will jeopardize the farm economy of smallholders whose livelihoods are based on annual crops systems. They will be heavily indebted and fall into poverty trap for selling land and become wage labor in the region or in Thailand. The land consolidation is highly expected among the rich and perennial crops such as mango possibly with contract farming will dominate the landscape. Remain smallholders are to be adopt diversified and intensified farming of fruit trees, annual crops, vegetables, animal and/or off-farm activities.
