Definition
Proximate causes:
Proximate causes[1] are human activities or immediate actions at the local level, such as agricultural expansion, that originate from intended land use[2] and directly impact forest cover.
Underlying factor :
Underlying driving forces are fundamental social processes, such as human population dynamics or agricultural policies, that underpin the proximate causes and either operate at the local level or have an indirect impact from the national or global level.
Please watch the clip below on farmers' testimonies in the Northwestern uplands and use your knowledge to choose all the proximate causes and underlying factors. Enjoy the clip!