Ce chapitre du manuel SCV en cours de rédaction à Madagascar décrit les moyens de contrôler le striga, plante parasite des cultures, grâce aux systèmes de culture SCV. Au sein des systèmes SCV la culture en association de plantes piégeuses du striga (qui déclenchent sa germination mais ne sont pas parasitées), des températures du sol moindres, la meilleure fertilité du sol, les conditions globalement favorables au développement des parasites du striga permettent de contrôler ce parasite. Les systèmes SCV les plus intéressants en zones infestées sont décrits.

PROJET D’APPUI A LA DIFFUSION DES TECHNIQUES AGRO-ECOLOGIQUES A MADAGASCAR RAPPORT GENERAL D’EXECUTION Hautes Terres et Moyen Ouest Rapport de campagne 2005-2006 Démarche, expérimentations, dispositifs Résultats agro-technico-économiques sur les hautes terres de Madagascar (Moyen Ouest et hautes terres)

Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) is known as a very invasive weed, difficult to get rid of. All over the world, practices have been developed to try to eradicate this widely spread and common weed (Burton and Hanna, 1984). They are often based on intense land preparation with several ploughings and important work for removing the rhizomes and weeding. However, Cynodon dactylon is a good forage and has several properties of a good cover crop: growing on poor soil, rapidly covering the soil and thus preventing erosion, having a deep and dense rooting system (improving soil structure, recycling nutrients), suppressing most other weeds, etc. Trying to get benefit from these qualities, TAFA and CIRAD have developed with farmers techniques of direct seeding, using Cynodon dactylon as a soil cover.

Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) is known as a very invasive weed, difficult to get rid of. All over the world, practices have been developed to try to eradicate this widely spread and common weed (Burton and Hanna, 1984). They are often based on intense land preparation with several ploughings, especially at the beginning of the dry season, and important work for removing the rhizomes and weeding during the cultivation period. However, Cynodon dactylon is a good forage, widely used by farmers to feed their animals. But it also has several properties of a good cover crop: growing on poor soil, rapidly covering the soil and thus preventing erosion, having a deep and dense rooting system (improving soil structure, recycling nutrients), suppressing most other weeds, etc. Trying to get benefit from these qualities instead of fighting against this «weed», TAFA (Tany sy Fampandrosoana) and CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement), with farmers, have developed techniques of direct seeding, using Cynodon dactylon as a soil cover, in various agro-ecological areas of Madagascar.

Sur les Hautes-Terres de Madagascar, l'augmentation de la pression démographique et la saturation des bas-fonds rizicoles entraînent une surexploitation des collines aux sols fragiles. Les techniques de culture traditionnelle, telles que le labour manuel, conduisent à une érosion intense, à une baisse de la fertilité et des rendements, qui condamnent à terme cette agriculture de subsistance. Pour surmonter ces problèmes des expérimentations en semis direct sur couverture permanente (S.C.V.) ont été conduits depuis plus de 10 ans par TAFA et le CIRAD, couvrant les diverses situations de la région. Après maïtrise de la reproductibilité des systèmes face à une variabilité climatique suffisante, ils sont diffusés au niveau des terroirs villageois afin de les intégrer aux règles de gestion communautaire, d'élaborer un référentiel technico-économique et de former les partenaires pour leur diffusion.

In Madagascar Highlands, population pressure and intensive rice cultivation in the lowlands has led to cultivation on the fragile, low fertility soils of the hillsides. Fertilisation being limited, yields remain low while erosion leads to paddy field silting-up and destruction of downstream infrastructures. To overcome these problems, experiments on direct planting on permanent soil cover (DPPSC) have been conducted since 1991 in the Andranomanelatra farm and since 1994 in farmers' fields, covering a wide range of biophysical and socio-economic situations